Compare Tonga (2008) - French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)

Compare Tonga (2008) z French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)

	Tonga (2008)	French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2006)

Administrative divisions	3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u	none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Age structure	0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish	-
Airports	6 (2007)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)	-
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	-
Area	total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km	total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Area - comparative	four times the size of Washington, DC	slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware
Background	Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.	The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840.
Birth rate	23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $56.97 million expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)	-
Capital	name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)	antarctic
Coastline	419 km	1,232 km
Constitution	4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967	-
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands	conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises abbreviation: TAAF
Death rate	5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Debt - external	$80.7 million (2004)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Michel CHAMPON (since 20 December 2004), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA)
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga	none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco	none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international	none	French claim to "Adelie Land" in Antarctica is not recognized by the US
Economic aid - recipient	$31.75 million (2005)	-
Economy - overview	Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.	Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.
Electricity - consumption	32.55 million kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	-
Electricity - production	35 million kWh (2005)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Polynesian, Europeans	-
Exchange rates	pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Senior Administrator Michel CHAMPON
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	-
Exports - commodities	squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops	-
Exports - partners	US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner	the flag of France is used
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 23% industry: 27% services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	2.4% (2005 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	20 00 S, 175 00 W	43 00 S, 67 00 E
Geography - note	archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited)	islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Imports	842.3 bbl/day (2004)	-
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals	-
Imports - partners	Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006)	-
Independence	4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)	-
Industrial production growth rate	1% (2003 est.)	-
Industries	tourism, fishing	-
Infant mortality rate	total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	11.1% (2005 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	-
Irrigated land	NA	0 sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council)	-
Labor force	33,910 (2003)	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 65% industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 20% permanent crops: 14.67% other: 65.33% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Tongan, English	-
Legal system	based on English common law	the laws of France, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008) election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.12 years male: 67.6 years female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English total population: 98.9% male: 98.8% female: 99% (1999 est.)	-
Location	Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand	southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Map references	Oceania	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
Merchant marine	total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)	total: 77 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,432,833 GRT/5,345,291 DWT by type: bulk carrier 2, chemical tanker 27, container 18, liquefied gas 5, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 6, vehicle carrier 4 foreign-owned: 76 (Belgium 6, Denmark 2, France 36, Germany 2, Hong Kong 2, Japan 4, Norway 12, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 9, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2006)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.9% (2006 est.)	-
National holiday	Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)	-
Nationality	noun: Tongan(s) adjective: Tongan	-
Natural hazards	cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou	Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes
Natural resources	fish, fertile soil	fish, crayfish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE]	-
Population	116,921 (July 2007 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	24% (FY03/04)	-
Population growth rate	1.847% (2007 est.)	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	-
Religions	Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	-
Suffrage	21 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)	-
Telephones - main lines in use	13,700 (2005)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	29,900 (2005)	-
Television broadcast stations	3 (2004)	-
Terrain	most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base	volcanic
Total fertility rate	2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	13% (FY03/04 est.)	-

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